Today is Juneteenth. June 19th commemorates the ending of slavery in the U.S. The origin of the holiday comes from June 19th, 1865, when General Gordon Granger of the Union army arrived with soldiers in Galveston, Texas, and told enslaved African Americans there that the Civil War had ended and they were free, more than two years after President Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Juneteenth is now celebrated in black communities across the U.S., and some have called for it to become a national holiday. Nearly all states recognize Juneteenth with some limited special status, and this year, the NFL, Nike and Twitter have all recognized Juneteenth as a company holiday.
Juneteenth gained extra exposure this year because of President Trump’s decision to hold a campaign rally on June 19th in Tulsa, Oklahoma, scene of one of the worst race riots in American history. The Tulsa Historical Museum says historians believe as many as 300 African Americans were killed in the 1921 race riot in city’s Greenwood District. Trump was heavily criticized for the decision, and later tweeted that he would hold his Tulsa rally on the 20th instead.
There is an official observance of Juneteenth in California. From the National Juneteenth Observance Foundation website:
Existing law requires the Governor to proclaim the 3rd Saturday in June as "Juneteenth National Freedom Day: A day of observance." This bill would recast this requirement and require the Governor to proclaim the 3rd Saturday in June each year as "Juneteenth National Freedom Day: A day of observance," and would urge all Californians to join in celebrating this day to honor and reflect on the significant roles that African-Americans have played in the history of the United States and how they have enriched society through their steadfast commitment to promoting freedom, brotherhood, and equality. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The Legislature hereby finds and declares all of the following: (a) Juneteenth National Freedom Day, also known as "Emancipation Day," "Emancipation Celebration," "Freedom Day," "Jun-Jun," and "Juneteenth," was first observed 136 years ago and is the oldest African-American holiday observance in the United States. (b) Juneteenth National Freedom Day commemorates the strong survival instinct of African-Americans who were first brought to this country as slaves stacked in the bottom of sailing ships in a monthlong journey across the Atlantic Ocean known as the "Middle Passage". (c) Events in the history of the United States that led to the start of the Civil War in 1861 focused on regional differences between the North and the South that were based on the economic and social divergence caused by the existence of slavery. In 1862, the first clear signs that the end of slavery was imminent appeared when laws abolishing slavery were adopted in the territories of Oklahoma, Nebraska, Colorado, and New Mexico. (d) On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the celebrated Emancipation Proclamation, warning the rebellious Confederate States that he would declare their slaves "forever free" if those states did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. Enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation occurred only in Confederate States that were under Union Army control. (e) Prior to the end of the Civil War, on January 31, 1865, Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and its territories. Spontaneous celebration erupted throughout the country when African-Americans learned of their freedom. Juneteenth, or June 19, 1865, is considered the date when the last slaves in America were freed by General Gordon Granger who rode into Galveston, Texas, and issued General Order No. 3, almost two and one-half years after President Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation. (f) Observance of Juneteenth National Freedom Day, a reminder of emancipation, spread from Texas to the neighboring States of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, as well as to the States of Alabama, Florida, and California, where many African-American Texans had migrated. Juneteenth National Freedom Day symbolizes freedom, celebrates the abolishment of slavery, and reminds all Americans of the significant contributions of African-Americans to our society. (g) A growing number of American and African-American cultural institutions have sponsored Juneteenth cultural events designed to make all Americans aware of this celebration, including the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, DC, the Chicago Historical Society, the Black Archives of Mid-America, Inc., in Kansas City, Missouri, the Los Angeles Cultural Center, the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village in Detroit, the Museum of African American Life and Culture in Dallas, Juneteenth America, Inc., of Ontario, California, and the National Juneteenth Observance Foundation. Juneteenth celebrations are a tribute to those African-Americans who fought so long for freedom and worked so hard to make the dream of equality a reality. SEC. 2. Section 6718 of the Government Code is repealed. SEC. 3. Section 6719 is added to the Government Code, to read: 6719. The Governor shall proclaim the third Saturday in June of each year to be known as "Juneteenth National Freedom Day: A day of observance," to urge all Californians in celebrating this day to honor and reflect on the significant roles that African-Americans have played in the history of the United States and how African-Americans have enriched society through their steadfast commitment to promoting freedom, brotherhood, and equality. SEC. 4. Section 1 of Chapter 155 of the Statutes of 2002 is repealed.
